geroprobПроблемы геронаукиProblems of Geroscience2949-47452949-4753АНО «ОСО ИТЕМ»10.37586/2949-4745-2-2023-88-93geroprob-20Research ArticleОбзорыReviewsЭпигенетика старения: основные механизмыBasic Epigenetic Mechanisms of Aginghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3657-0676СтражескоИ. Д.StrazheskoI. D.

Ирина Дмитриевна Стражеско, д­-р мед. наук, за­меститель директора по трансляционной медицине, ведущий научный сотрудник

медицинский научно­-образовательный центр

отдел возраст-ассоциированных заболеваний

Москва

Телефон: +7(903)520­41­54

Irina D. Strazhesko, MD, PhD, Deputy Director for Translational Medicine, Leading Researcher

Department of Age­ Related Diseases

Moscow

Phone: +7(903)5204154

istrazhesko@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4756-0342ЕсаковаА. П.YesakovaA. P.

Антонина Павловна Есакова, ассистент

кафедра медицинской генетики

Москва

Телефон: +7(906)702­07­13

Antonina P. Yesakova, MD, Assistant Professor

Department of Medical Genetics Moscow

Moscow

Phone: +7(906)7020713

a.yesakova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2362-9798АкопянА. А.AkopyanA. A.

Анна Александровна Акопян, младший науч­ный сотрудник

лаборатория биомаркеров старения

Москва

Телефон: +7(903)745­57­88

Anna A. Akopyan, MD, Junior Researcher

Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aging

Moscow

Phone: +7(903)7455788

a.alexandrova18@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4193-688XТкачеваО. Н.TkachevaO. N.

Ольга Николаевна Ткачева, член­-корреспондент РАН, д­-р мед. наук, профессор, директор

Москва

Телефон: +7(499)187­64­67

Olga N. Tkacheva, MD, PhD, professor, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director

Moscow

Phone: +7(499)1876467

tkacheva@rgnkc.ruФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России, Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центр; Медицинский научно-образовательный центр МГУ им. М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Russian Gerontology Research and Clinical Centre; Medical Scientific and Educational Center of Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian FederationФГБУ ВО МГМСУ им. А.И. ЕвдокимоваРоссияMoscow State University of Medicine and DentistryRussian FederationФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России, Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центрРоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Russian Gerontology Research and Clinical CentreRussian Federation202318122023028893Copyright © Стражеско И.Д., Есакова А.П., Акопян А.А., Ткачева О.Н., 20232023Стражеско И.Д., Есакова А.П., Акопян А.А., Ткачева О.Н.Strazhesko I.D., Yesakova A.P., Akopyan A.A., Tkacheva O.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.geronauka.com/jour/article/view/20

   Старение является комплексным биологическим процессом, на который влияет множество факторов, включая генетические, средовые и поведенческие. Последние исследования показывают, что эпигенетические изменения играют важную роль в процессе старения, так как они регулируют генную экспрессию и влияют на клеточные функции. К эпигенетическим модификациям относятся метилирование ДНК, модификации гистонов, экспрессия некодирующей РНК и другие механизмы. В обзоре обсуждается роль метилирования ДНК в регуляции генной экспрессии и его связь с возраст-ассоциированными заболеваниями, включая онкологические и нейродегенеративные заболевания. Также в статье обсуждается роль модификаций гистонов и их влияние на структуру хроматина и экспрессию генов. Дополнительно обзор затрагивает участие молекулярных признаков старения в развитии возраст-ассоциированных заболеваний. Понимание роли эпигенетических механизмов в старении критически важно для поиска новых вмешательств, способных замедлить процессы старения.

   The process of aging is a complex biological phenomenon that is influenced by multiple factors, including genetics, environment, and lifestyle. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic modifications play an important role in the aging process, as they regulate gene expression and ultimately affect cellular function. Epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA expression, among others. The authors of the review discuss the role of DNA methylation in regulating gene expression and its relationship to age-related diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration. Also, the role of histone modification and its impact on chromatin structure and gene expression is reviewed in the article. Additionally, review provides information on involvement of molecular hallmarks of aging in age-related diseases. Understanding the role of epigenetic mechanisms in aging is crucial for developing new interventions that could potentially slow down or even reverse the aging process.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.