geroprobПроблемы геронаукиProblems of Geroscience2949-47452949-4753АНО «ОСО ИТЕМ»10.37586/2949-4745-2-2025-60-66geroprob-92Research ArticleОбзорыReviewsИспользование калькуляторов биологического возраста в клинической практикеThe use of biological age calculators in clinical practicehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3544-5347ИльющенкоА. К.IlyushchenkoA. K.

Ильющенко Анна Константиновна

Москва

Ilyushchenko Anna Konstantinovna 

Moscow 

ilyushchenko_ak@rgnkc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-0858-2053МельницкаяА. А.MelnitskayaA. A.

Москва

Moscow 

melnickaya_aa@rgnkc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-6926-2195ВеряскинаА. Е.VeriaskinaA. E.

Москва

Moscow 

arina.ver.15@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2028-3939МачехинаЛ. В.MatchekhinaL. V.

Москва

Moscow 

machehina_lv@rgnkc.ruФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н. И. Пирогова Минздрава России (Пироговский Университет),ОСП «Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центр»РоссияRussian Gerontology Research and Clinical Centre, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian Federation202530062025026066Copyright © Ильющенко А.К., Мельницкая А.А., Веряскина А.Е., Мачехина Л.В., 20252025Ильющенко А.К., Мельницкая А.А., Веряскина А.Е., Мачехина Л.В.Ilyushchenko A.K., Melnitskaya A.A., Veriaskina A.E., Matchekhina L.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.geronauka.com/jour/article/view/92

Биологический возраст (БВ) является интегративным показателем, отражающим степень старения организма и биологический износ систем. В отличие от календарного возраста, БВ может быть изменяемым и использоваться в качестве маркера эффективности геропротективных вмешательств. Современные технологии позволяют рассчитывать БВ на основе различных источников: клинических и лабораторных данных, эпигенетических модификаций, иммунных профилей, микробиома и мультиомных панелей. В настоящей статье рассматриваются различные подходы к оценке БВ, включая эпигенетические часы (Horvath, GrimAge), фенотипические индексы (PhenoAge, индекс дефицитов), иммунологические модели (iAge), а также калькуляторы, основанные на анализе биохимических и гематологических параметров. Для подготовки обзора был проведен поиск литературы в базах данных PubMed и Scopus. Были отобраны оригинальные и обзорные статьи, опубликованные преимущественно с 2010 по 2024 год, содержащие информацию о методах оценки БВ, их прогностическом значении и применении в клинической практике. Авторы обсуждают потенциал внедрения оценки БВ в клиническую практику и персонализированную медицину, а также необходимость валидации существующих инструментов в разных популяциях.

Biological age (BA) is defined as an integrative indicator reflecting the degree of organismal aging and biological wear of physiological systems. In contrast to chronological age, BA is a potentially modifiable variable and may serve as a biomarker of geroprotective intervention efficacy. Recent advances have enabled the development ofBA calculators based onclinical and laboratory data, epigenetic modifications, immune signatures, microbiome, and multi-omics profiles. This article reviews various approaches to BA assessment, including epigenetic clocks (Horvath, GrimAge), phenotypic indices (PhenoAge, frailty index), immune aging models (iAge), and calculators derived from standard blood tests. The present review was prepared by conducting a comprehensive literature search utilising the PubMed and Scopus databases. A comprehensive search was conducted of original and review papers published primarily between 2010 and 2024, the focus of which was the description of BA estimation methods, their predictive utility, and clinical applicability. The review discusses the potential for integrating BA assessment into clinical practice and personalised medicine, as well as the need for further validation and standardisation of these tools across populations.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.