geroprobПроблемы геронаукиProblems of Geroscience2949-47452949-4753АНО «ОСО ИТЕМ»10.37586/2949-4745-1-2025-7-14geroprob-94Research ArticleОбзорыReviewsПсихосоциальный стресс как фактор, влияющий на темпы старения человекаPsychosocial stress as a factor influencing the rate of human aginghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8505-1848ГиляревскийС. Р.GilyarevskyS. R.

Гиляревский Сергей Руджерович.

Москва.

Gilyarevsky Sergey Rudjerovich.

Moscow.

gilyarevskii_sr@rgnkc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0048-268XЕруслановаК. А.EruslanovaK. A.

Москва.

Moscow.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3981-4031ЩедринаА. Ю.ShchedrinaA. Yu.

Москва.

Moscow.

ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н. И. Пирогова Минздрава России (Пироговский Университет), ОСП «Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центр»РоссияRussian Gerontology Research and Clinical Centre, Pirogov National Research Medical UniversityRussian Federation20250612202501714Copyright © Гиляревский С.Р., Ерусланова К.А., Щедрина А.Ю., 20252025Гиляревский С.Р., Ерусланова К.А., Щедрина А.Ю.Gilyarevsky S.R., Eruslanova K.A., Shchedrina A.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.geronauka.com/jour/article/view/94

Статья посвящена обсуждению имеющихся на сегодняшний день данных о влиянии психосоциального, или психоэмоционального стресса (ПЭС) как важного фактора, воздействующего на темпы старения человека. Представлены данные о механизмах, за счет которых ПЭС влияет на скорость старения человека. Такие механизмы обусловлены нейроэндокринными реакциями, которые реализуются за счет симпатического отдела вегетативной нервной системы и оси «гипоталамус — гипофиз — надпочечники». В статье подробно обсуждаются результаты исследований, посвященных оценке сложной связи между ПЭС и эпигенетическим старением. Нейроэндокринные медиаторы участвуют в развитии различных физиологических и патологических реакций, которые могут иметь большое значение в биологическом старении. Ключевую роль в изменении темпов старения под влиянием ПЭС играют кортикостероидные гормоны, которые выделяются в кровоток при действии стрессорных факторов. В статье рассматриваются и данные о так называемом гормезическом эффекте ПЭС, выражающемся в защитном эффекте стрессорных факторов, которые при кратковременном действии приводят к увеличению продолжительности жизни. Кроме того, ПЭС не всегда приводит к длительным отрицательным последствиям для здоровья, если у человека имеются достаточные резервы, позволяющие успешно реагировать на стрессорный фактор и/или восстанавливаться после него.

The article discusses the currently available data on the impact of psychosocial or psychoemotional stress (PES) as an important factor influencing the rate of human aging. It presents data on the mechanisms through which PES affects the speed of human aging. These mechanisms are driven by neuroendocrine responses, which are mediated by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The article provides a detailed discussion of research findings focused on evaluating the complex relationship between PES and epigenetic aging. Neuroendocrine mediators are involved in the development of various physiological and pathological reactions that may play a significant role in biological aging. A key role in the alteration of aging rates under the influence of PES is played by corticosteroid hormones, which are released into the bloodstream in response to stress factors. The article also examines data on the so-called hormesis effect of PES, i.e. a protective effect of stress factors that, when acting for a short duration, lead to an increase in lifespan. Furthermore, PES does not always result in long-term negative health consequences if an individual has sufficient reserves, allowing them to effectively respond to and/or recover from the stressor.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.