Endocrine Features of Aging Male

Abstract

The male aging is accompanied not only by decrease in testosterone synthesis, but also by the activation of a number of enzymes, an increase in the conversion of some hormones to others, a change in the number of hormone-producing cells and receptors, a violation of the sensitivity of receptors and the balance of hormones. Taking into account the pathophysiological processes with age, when body composition changes, muscle mass decreases and adipose tissue increases, as well as the global increase in the number of men with excess body weight due to adipose tissue, there is an increase in the activity of the aromatase enzyme, which converts testosterone into estradiol. Over time, estradiol suppresses the synthesis of gonadotropins, thereby suppressing testosterone synthesis. Consequently, this results in a decline in both physical and sexual activity, as well as a progressive accumulation of adipose tissue, which triggers aromatase and raises estradiol levels. In other words, a vicious circle is formed. In addition to the decrease in the number of testosteronesecreting Leydig cells, both the number and sensitivity of androgen receptors decrease.

To successfully extend the longevity of men and ensure their well-being, it is essential to take into account the individual endocrine changes that come with aging.