Due to the global aging of the population and increasing life expectancy, the population of elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis is growing, both due to patients with onset after 60 years of age (EORA), and elderly patients in whom the disease started at a young age. Treatment of such patients is associated with a number of difficulties, which is associated with the characteristics of the aging of the immune system and the body as a whole, and the burden of comorbid conditions. Elderly patients, unlike young ones, have a higher risk of developing adverse events when prescribed both basic and biological drugs. These features lead to a more “gentle” treatment strategy for elderly patients, limited use of adequate doses of basic drugs and a low number of prescriptions of biological drugs among doctors. This article provides current data on the safety and effectiveness of the use of biological and targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-inflammatory drugs in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Sleep disorders are more prevalent among older individuals in comparison to younger individuals, leading to a deterioration in quality of life and functional status. These conditions are recognized as significant geriatric syndrome. Viewing sleep disorders through the framework of geriatric syndrome facilitates the recognition of this issue as an interconnected element within a range of agerelated conditions, often displaying a bidirectional association. Consequently, this perspective supports the formulation of a holistic, multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. This article discusses the pathogenesis of sleep disorders in older individuals, the main types of sleep disorders, geriatric and neurogeriatric syndromes, and the psychosocial factors linked to sleep disorders in the older population. It also covers methods for diagnosing and managing sleep disorders based on modern approaches.

A narrative review was conducted to assess the impact of smoking on health and the rate of aging at different stages of a person’s life. The relationship between smoking and various markers of aging was considered in the review. Data from a Mendelian-type study that assessed the genetic predisposition to smoking and the length of telomeres were presented. The effect of smoking on brain aging and facial aging was analyzed separately. Provided data highlights the significance of timely smoking cessation in slowing down the rate of aging.

In our previous issue, we featured the first part of CONSORT — the Consolidated Standards for Reporting Trials (RCTs). Now, in this second issue of our journal, we are pleased to present the second and final part of the CONSORT materials. This extensive document is designed to be widely utilized by individuals seeking to understand and disseminate the CONSORT guidelines. Its primary objective is to enhance the quality of reports on randomized trials by offering a clear and comprehensive guide. In addition, the CONSORT 2010 is supported by a corresponding website at www.consort-statement.org. Both the CONSORT and the website serve as valuable resources, providing explanations and clarifications to aid in the compilation of articles on randomized trials.